Lighting

Key Light
This highlights the form and dimension of the subject, omitting the key light can result in a silhouette effect.
High
This aims reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. Nowadays, it is used to suggest an upbeat mood, often being used in sitcoms and comedies. It is usually quite homogeneous and free from dark shadows.
Low
This lighting creates a chiaroscuro effect (see below).It accentuates the contours of an object by throwing areas into shade. Low-key lighting has a higher lighting ratio than high-key lighting.


Back Light
This lights foreground elements from the rear. It is sometimes called 'Shoulder Light' because when lighting an actor/actress it causes the edges of the hair to glow. It is often used to show the characters as good/pure. It is used quite a lot in soap operas.


Rim Lighting
This creates a thin outline around a subject without necessarily hitting the front.


Chiaroscuro ('light-dark')
It is used to indicate extreme low-key lighting to create distinct areas of light and darkness.


*All of the information above that I collected was from Wikipedia.